Back Pain

Low Back Pain

Low back pain is not unique. An estimated 75-85% of Americans experience some form of back pain during their life. Although low back pain can be quite debilitating and painful, in approximately 90% of cases, it is temporary and pain improves without surgery. However, 50% of patients who suffer from episodes of low back pain will have recurrent episodes within one year. Low back pain is considered to be chronic when it persists for more than 12 weeks. The Lumbar Spine The lumbar spine (lower back) consists of five vertebrae (bones) in the lower part of the spine between the ribs and the pelvis. The vertebrae that form the spine in the back are cushioned by small discs, which are located between each of the vertebrae and act as shock absorbers for the spinal bones. These discs are round and flat, with a tough, outer layer (annulus) that surrounds a jelly-like material called the nucleus. Thick ligaments attached to the vertebrae hold the pulpy disc material in place. Of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves and roots, five lumbar (L1–L5) and five sacral (S1–S5) nerve pairs connect beginning in the lower back area. Common Causes of Low Back Pain

• Sprains & Strains

• Traumatic Injury

• Fracture

• Herniated Disc

• Sciatica

• Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

• Osteoarthritis

• Scoliosis

When to Seek Medical Help

Although low back pain is a common occurrence, some features warrant evaluation from a medical professional, such as persistent or worsening back pain; neurologic symptoms, including numbness, weakness, or tingling; or changes in bowel or bladder function.

Diagnosing Low Back Pain

Diagnosis is made by a neurosurgeon based on history, symptoms, physical examination and results of diagnostic studies. Some patients may be treated conservatively; if conservative treatment is ineffective, the physician may order imaging studies of the lower back and other tests, which may include:

• Computed Tomography Scan (CT or CAT scan)

• Discography

• Electromyography (EMG)

• Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS)

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

• Myelogram

• Selective Nerve Root Block

• X-rays